Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors provide a versatile platform for a wide range of applications in biotechnology industries. These reactors harness hollow fibers as the primary membrane to facilitate selective permeability between compartments. The unique design of hollow fiber membranes allows high interface exposure per unit volume, leading to op
Hollow fiber membranes have emerged as a versatile and effective technology for water treatment applications. These thin-walled fibers offer a large surface area for filtration, enabling the removal of various contaminants from water streams. The unique structure of hollow fiber membranes enables high flux rates and efficient transport of water mol
Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors provide a novel platform for a variety of biotechnological systems. Their compact design allows for {highyield and favorable operating conditions. The characteristics of the hollow fibers facilitates mass transfer between the internal environment and the surrounding media, enabling efficient cell growth. Some
Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) employing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes have emerged as a promising technology for wastewater treatment due to their high efficiency in removing both organic and inorganic pollutants. This article presents a detailed performance evaluation of PVDF membrane bioreactors, examining key variables such as permeate